Südostasien | SpringerLink The rainforest is the second largest on Earth (with the Amazon rainforest being the largest). Sovereignty issues exist over some islands in the South China Sea. They spread eastwards to Micronesia and Polynesia, as well as westwards to Madagascar, becoming the ancestors of modern-day Malagasy people, Micronesians, Melanesians, and Polynesians. [88][89][90] However its spread into the region happened centuries later. As Chair of this 63-member strong delegation, I have the honour of presiding over our regular meetings in Brussels and Strasbourg, many of which … Since 2000, Cambodia has surpassed all other ASEAN countries and generated almost 15% of its GDP from tourism in 2006. In contemporary definition, Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions: The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with both heavy seismic and volcanic activities. "[111] Since the early 1990s, "even the non-ASEAN nations such as Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Burma, where the income derived from tourism is low, are attempting to expand their own tourism industries. Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia and it also the largest archipelago in the world by size (according to the CIA World Factbook). Die Entstehung unabhängiger Staaten in Süd- und Südostasien Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin … Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries the Dutch established the Dutch East Indies; the French Indochina; and the British Strait Settlements. Geologically, the archipelago is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world, producing many volcanoes, especially in Java, Sumatra and the Lesser Sunda Islands region, where most volcanoes over 3,000 m (9,843 ft) are situated. 2 Merkmale sind bezeichnend für diesen Raum und bedingen das Interesse an den verschiedenen Volksgruppen. Im Jahr 2004 wurde sie zur Universitätsprofessorin auf den Lehrstuhl für Südostasienkunde I – Insulares Südostasien der Universität Passau berufen. Hierbei drücken die Philippinische und die The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. [50] Local rulers converted to Hinduism or Buddhism and adopted Indian religious traditions to reinforce their legitimacy, elevate ritual status above their fellow chief counterparts and facilitate trade with South Asian states. What does the South China Sea ruling mean, and what's next? Die Entstehung unabhängiger Staaten in Süd- und Südostasien: Amazon.es: Weidemann, Diethelm: Libros en idiomas extranjeros Selecciona Tus Preferencias de Cookies Utilizamos cookies y herramientas similares para mejorar tu experiencia de compra, prestar nuestros servicios, entender cómo los utilizas para poder mejorarlos, y para mostrarte anuncios, incluidos anuncios basados en tus intereses. Maintenance of these paddies is very labour-intensive. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. [64] Most of the region had been Indianised during the first centuries, while the Philippines later Indianised circa 9th century when Kingdom of Tondo was established in Luzon. Some dramatic examples of these rice paddies populate the Banaue Rice Terraces in the mountains of Luzon in the Philippines. Historically, the region has been referred to as part of Greater India, as seen in Coedes' Indianized States of Southeast Asia, which refers to it as "Island Southeast Asia";[6] and within Austronesia or Oceania, due to shared ethnolinguistic and historical origins of the latter groups (Micronesian and Polynesian groups) being from this region. It continued up to historic times. [51] It is still the dominant branch of Buddhism practiced by Indonesian and Malaysian Buddhists. Of the Southeast Asian countries, East Timor most recently gained its independence, as was mentioned in the previous lesson. Maluku Islands and New Guinea were never Indianised and its native people were predominantly animists until the 15th century when Islam began to spread in those areas. Das norwegische Modell ist ein gutes Beispiel, wie das funktionieren könnte. Northern Vietnam and the mountainous parts of Laos and Myanmar are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which have a cooler winter with potential snow. Download Citation | On Jan 1, 2004, Michael Lidauer published Sozialanthropologische Notizen zur Islamisierung Südostasiens from Indonesia (Insular Southeast Asia) . Indonesien ist heute das größte muslimische Land der Welt, Malaysia und Brunei bezeichnen den Islam als die offizielle Staatsreligion, während die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung auf den Philippinen und in Timor … Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants,[141] which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. It became the dominant trading power in mainland Southeast Asia for about five centuries, provided passage for Indian and Chinese goods and assumed authority over the flow of commerce through Southeast Asia. This is shown through Brahmic forms of writing present in the region such as the Balinese script shown on split palm leaf called lontar (see image to the left — magnify the image to see the writing on the flat side, and the decoration on the reverse side). By 1998, those receipts had dropped to less than 6% of GDP while Thailand and Lao PDR increased receipts to over 7%. See: Languages of the Philippines. In city-state Singapore, Chinese are the majority, yet the city is a multicultural melting pot with Malays, Indians and Eurasian also called the island their home. Stretching for several thousand kilometres, the area features a very large number of islands and boasts some of the richest marine, flora and fauna biodiversity on Earth. 13. Personen; Studium & Forschung im Ausland; Links; Studium. Singhasari rejected the proposal and injured the envoys, enraged the Mongols and made them sent a large invasion fleet to Java. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. On some occasions, Sri Lanka has been considered a part of Southeast Asia because of its cultural and religious ties to Mainland Southeast Asia. An example is the Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) and literature like the Ramayana. 300–301. In modern times, the Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia, with more than 100 million people, mostly concentrated in Java, Indonesia. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country around the world. Eastern Bangladesh and Northeast India have strong cultural ties with Mainland Southeast Asia and are sometimes considered transregional areas between South Asia and Southeast Asia. [citation needed] The region notably manufactures textiles, electronic high-tech goods such as microprocessors, and heavy industrial products such as automobiles. Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao. Maritime Southeast Asia (as opposed to mainland Southeast Asia) comprises the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor. [57] While in Vietnam, Buddhism never managed to develop strong institutional networks due to strong Chinese influence. Gamelan and Angklung orchestras from Indonesia, Piphat /Pinpeat ensembles of Thailand and Cambodia and the Kulintang ensembles of the southern Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi and Timor are the three main distinct styles of musical genres that have influenced other traditional musical styles in the region. Flüchtlingsdrama in Südostasien: Staaten bleiben bei harter Linie | tagesschau.de. Sagt Ihnen der Name Timor-Leste etwas? Records from Magellan's voyage show that Brunei possessed more cannon than European ships, so the Chinese must have been trading with them.[42]. For most, a life with subsistence-level agriculture, fishing and, in less developed civilizations, hunting and gathering was still hard.[94]. Indonesien ist heute das größte muslimische Land der Welt; Malaysia und Brunei bezeichnen den Islam als die offizielle Staatsreligion, während die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung auf den Philippinen und in Timor … Schriften von Eric Wolf: 1957: Closed Corporate Peasant Communities in Mesoamerica and Central Java, in: Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol. (1977) auf 90,2 Mio. A Vietnamese script called Chữ Nôm used modified Chinese characters to express the Vietnamese language. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies (2012-01-01) . Seit 2008 ist Susanne Schröter Professorin für „Ethnologie kolonialer und postkolonialer Ordnungen“ im Exzellenzcluster „Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen“ an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. [92] The trade relationship with Gujarat declined after the Portuguese invasion of Southeast Asia in the 17th century. [108] Chinese populations in the region saw a rapid increase following the Communist Revolution in 1949, which forced many refugees to emigrate outside of China. März 1521 die erste Messe auf … Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Even though they are geographically closer to Maritime Southeast Asia than mainland Australia, these two Australian external territories are not geologically associated with Asia as none of them is actually on the Sunda Plate. [4] These are more than 25,000 islands of the area that comprise many smaller archipelagoes.[5]. [10], The region, together with part of South Asia, was well known by Europeans as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. Other forms of official documents, which did not use paper, included Javanese copperplate scrolls. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes. a) Südostasien, das frühere Hinterindien, umfaßt das vom →Islam geprägte Malaysia und die vorwiegend buddhistisch beeinflußten Staaten Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Laos, Kambodscha und Vietnam. Februar 2013 hat PD Dr. Martina Padmanabhan die Professur für Vergleichende Entwicklungs- und Kulturforschung mit Schwerpunkt insulares Südostasien der Universität Passau angetreten. Aktuelle Frage Sonstiges. [11] Another term for Maritime Southeast Asia is Insulindia (Indian Islands), used to describe the region between Indochina and Australasia.[12]. Its influence spread to other parts Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. Diverse cultural influence is pronounced in the Philippines, derived particularly from the period of the Spanish and American rule, contact with Indian-influenced cultures, and the Chinese and Japanese trading era. Hausarbeiten; Downloads; Links; Empirische … kunsthistorischesmuseum.at. The Americans were concerned with Insulares Südostasien. For more details, see: Languages of Indonesia. An economic effect of this imperialism was the shift in the production of commodities. [115], Stock markets in Southeast Asia have performed better than other bourses in the Asia-Pacific region in 2010, with the Philippines' PSE leading the way with 22 percent growth, followed by Thailand's SET with 21 percent and Indonesia's JKSE with 19 percent. Indonesia is the most populous country with 268 million people, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. Zur Übersichtsseite Studium Menü schließen. The region contains some of the world's most highly urbanized areas: Greater Jakarta, Metro Manila, Greater Kuala Lumpur and Singapore; and yet a majority of islands in this vast region remain uninhabited by humans. Malaysian legend has it that a Chinese Ming emperor sent a princess, Hang Li Po, to Malacca, with a retinue of 500, to marry Sultan Mansur Shah after the emperor was impressed by the wisdom of the sultan. Geographically, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India is also considered a part of Maritime Southeast Asia. The consequences of colonial rule, struggle for independence, and in some cases war influenced the economic attitudes and policies of each country until today.[93]. As the pace of development accelerates and populations continue to expand in Southeast Asia, concern has increased regarding the impact of human activity on the region's environment. Majapahit would soon grow into a regional power. Krisen der Weltwirtschaft und der Staaten: Überlegungen zur Situation in Südostasien . " Die Staaten Afrikas und Asiens : innere Entwicklung - Außenpolitik " " Die Staaten Afrikas und Asiens : Innere Entwicklung - Außenpolitik " " Die Staaten Afrikas und Asiens innere Entwicklung, Aussenpolitik " " Die Staaten Afrikas und Asiens. Mekong Fahrt Erstellt am 18.04.2016. [21], The maritime region of Southeast Asia as opposed to the mainland continental portion of Southeast Asia. Dekolonisierung in Südostasien : Die Vereinigten Staaten und die Auflösung der europäischen Kolonialreiche Frey, Marc De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2006 However, the use of the Chinese script has been in decline, especially in Singapore and Malaysia as the younger generations are in favour of the Latin Script. Watch Queue Queue. Die meisten der Länder Südostasiens sin… [citation needed] East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Indonesian[123] and Portuguese rule. The origins of Chinese influence can be traced to the 16th century, when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. While Malaysia is split between more than half Malays and one-quarter Chinese, and also Indian minority in the West Malaysia however Dayaks make up the majority in Sarawak and Kadazan-dusun makes up the majority in Sabah which are in the East Malaysia. Pliny the Elder wrote in his Natural History about Chryse and Argyre, two legendary islands rich in gold and silver, located in the Indian Ocean. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Dieses Regionalgebiet schließt die Inselgruppen der Nikobaren und Andamanen, ferner die heutigen Staaten Brunei, Singapur, Indonesien, Timor Leste sowie die Philippinen mit ein. The strategic value of the Strait of Malacca, which was controlled by Sultanate of Malacca in the 15th and early 16th century, did not go unnoticed by Portuguese writer Duarte Barbosa, who in 1500 wrote: "He who is lord of Malacca has his hand on the throat of Venice". [102] Climate change is also likely to pose a serious threat to the fisheries industry in Southeast Asia.[101]. Indonesien ist heute das größte muslimische Land der Welt, Malaysia und Brunei bezeichnen den Islam als die offizielle Staatsreligion, während die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung auf den Philippinen und in Timor … The Indonesian Archipelago is split by the Wallace Line. Davis, Lee (1992). These belief systems were later supplanted by Hinduism and Buddhism after the region, especially coastal areas, came under contact with Indian subcontinent during the 1st century. The rest of Southeast Asia is still heavily dependent on agriculture, but Vietnam is notably making steady progress in developing its industrial sectors. Andamanen, aus den Staaten . Seventeen telecommunications companies contracted to build the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable to connect Southeast Asia to the US[110] This is to avoid disruption of the kind caused by the cutting of the undersea cable from Taiwan to the US in the 2006 Hengchun earthquakes. Südostasienforschung in Österreich: Die Sammlung Insulares Südostasien des Museums für Völkerkunde Wien Indonesien ist heute das größte muslimische Land der Welt, Malaysia und Brunei bezeichnen den Islam als die offizielle Staatsreligion, während die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung auf den Philippinen und in Timor … Both seismic belts meet in Indonesia, causing the region to have relatively high occurrences of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The highest mountain in Southeast Asia is Hkakabo Razi at 5,967 metres (19,577 feet) and can be found in northern Burma sharing the same range of its parent peak, Mount Everest. The insular region of Southeast Asia includes the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Südostasien ist ein Teil des asiatischen Kontinents und umfasst die Länder, die sich östlich von Indien und südlich von China befinden. The South China Sea is the major body of water within Southeast Asia. schnelle Tourismusentwicklung in den letzten Jahrzehnten (beispielloser Aufschwung) Zahl der Einreisen wuchs von 11,5,Mio. It was restored during the Ming Dynasty from the 14th to 16th centuries. Its greatest ruler was Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire's peak when other kingdoms in the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali came under its influence. Geopolitically, the boundary lies between Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian region of Western New Guinea (Papua and West Papua). China, Qing Dynastie (1644 – 1911), dat. Dekolonisierung in Südostasien : Die Vereinigten Staaten und die Auflösung der europäischen Kolonialreiche. Vietnam and Singapore show more Chinese influence[140] in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Sammlung "Insulares . [15] Although from a cultural or linguistic perspective the definitions of "Southeast Asia" may vary, the most common definitions nowadays include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. Vietnam was successfully governed by a series of Chinese dynasties including the Han, Eastern Han, Eastern Wu, Cao Wei, Jin, Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Sui, Tang, and Southern Han. Die Sammlung Insulares Südostasien umfasst Exponate aus den Inselgruppen Nikobaren und Andamanen, aus den Staaten Malaysia, Brunei, Singapur, Indonesien, Timor Leste und den Philippinen. Prüfungsordnungen und Modulhandbücher; Termine und Fristen ; Vorlesungsverzeichnis; Mein erster Stundenplan; Studienberatung; Materialien. The people living there are predominantly from Austronesian subgroupings and correspondingly speak western Malayo-Polynesian languages. Personen; Türkische Sprache und Kultur. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia, and East Timor. [62], After the region came under contact with Indian subcontinent circa 400 BCE, it began a gradual process of Indianisation where Indian ideas such as religions, cultures, architectures, and political administrations were brought by traders and religious figures and adopted by local rulers. Mehr anzeigen . The Thais is also a significant ethnic group with around 59 million population forming the majority in Thailand. … The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper around the year 100 in China. Chinese sources referred the region as Nanyang ("南洋"), which literally means the "Southern Ocean". Europeans brought Christianity allowing Christian missionaries to become widespread. The Komodo dragon is the largest living species of lizard and inhabits the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang in Indonesia. Their vessels, such as the vinta, were capable to sail across the ocean. The babirusa, a four-tusked pig, can be found in Indonesia as well. Stilt houses can be found all over Southeast Asia, from Thailand and Vietnam to Borneo, to Luzon in the Philippines, to Papua New Guinea. It also corresponds to the biogeographical region of Malesia (not to be confused with "Malaysia"), with shared tropical flora and fauna. 3 contents executive summary 5 1. torture and other ill-treatment in international and domestic law 13 2. prisoners of conscience and the ministry of public security 18 3. Mahayana Buddhism established presence in Maritime Southeast Asia, brought by Chinese monks during their transit in the region en route to Nalanda. Weitere Karten zur Region. [68][69] In the 1st century, the Funan states centered in Mekong Delta were established, encompassed modern-day Cambodia, southern Vietnam, Laos, and eastern Thailand. [74] The Champa civilisation was located in what is today central Vietnam, and was a highly Indianised Hindu Kingdom. Romania Contact - ALPLA is a world leader in the development and production of plastic packaging solutions. The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. It led to a renewed flourishing of trade between China and Southeast Asia, now known as the Maritime Silk Road. Startseite Landkarten Asien Asien Südostasien - insulares Erstellt: 08.11.2010 Überblick. Studies presented by the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) through genetic studies of the various peoples of Asia show empirically that there was a single migration event from Africa, whereby the early people travelled along the south coast of Asia, first entered the Malay peninsula 50,000–90,000 years ago. [17] The naval expeditions of Zheng He between 1405 and 1431 also played a critical role in opening up of China to increased trade with Southeast Asian polities. This line runs along what is now known to be a tectonic plate boundary, and separates Asian (Western) species from Australasian (Eastern) species. [59][60] Recently, Vietnamese folk religion is undergoing a revival with the support of the government. Description. The empire's capital Angkor hosts majestic monuments—such as Angkor Wat and Bayon. It then spread into Southeast Asia via Bay of Bengal, Indochina, then Malay Archipelago, leading to thousands of Shiva temples on the islands of Indonesia as well as Cambodia and Vietnam, co-evolving with Buddhism in the region. Originally, Indians were the ones who taught the native inhabitants about writing. Rice paddy agriculture has existed in Southeast Asia for millennia, ranging across the subregion. The wild Asian water buffalo, and on various islands related dwarf species of Bubalus such as anoa were once widespread in Southeast Asia; nowadays the domestic Asian water buffalo is common across the region, but its remaining relatives are rare and endangered. [37][38] They often settled along coastal areas, assimilating the preexisting Australo-Melanesian peoples such as Orang Asli of peninsular Malaysia, Negritos of the Philippines, and Papuans of New Guinea.[39][40]. kunsthistorischesmuseum.at. Der Vorsitz der D-RU-Delegation begrüßt Sie auf der Seite der Delegation, beschreibt die Aufgaben der Mitglieder und informiert Sie über Neuigkeiten aus der Delegation. [7], The maritime connectivity within the region has been linked to a it becoming a distinct cultural and economic area, when compared to the 'mainland' societies in the rest of Southeast Asia. The penetration of European commercial interests gradually evolved into annexation of territories, as traders lobbied for an extension of control to protect and expand their activities. The second largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia is Vietnamese (Kinh people) with around 86 million population, mainly inhabiting in Vietnam, thus forming a significant minority in neighboring Cambodia and Laos. Muar experienced the highest API level of 746 on 23 June 2013 at around 7 am. The 2013 Southeast Asian Haze saw API levels reach a hazardous level in some countries. The history of Southeast Asia has led to a wealth of different authors, from both within and without writing about the region. Spanish and Arabic are on a voluntary and optional basis. [41] This dominance started to decline when Srivijaya were invaded by Chola Empire, a dominant maritime power of Indian subcontinent, in 1025. Thailand also allowed Western scientists to enter its country to develop its own education system as well as start sending Royal members and Thai scholars to get higher education from Europe and Russia.
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